13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
| Alveoli | Nephrons |
| Structure | Structure |
| (i) Alveoli are tiny balloon-like structures present inside the lungs. | (i) Nephrons are tubular structures present inside the kidneys. |
| (ii) The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick and it contains an extensive network of blood capillaries. | (ii) Nephrons are made of glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tube. |
| Function | Function |
| (i) The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place between the blood of the capillaries that surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli. | (i) The blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery. The blood is entered here and the nitrogenous waste in the form of urine is collected by collecting duct. |
| (ii) Alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange. | (ii) Nephrons are the basic filtration unit. |
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